Trait mapping: Coalescing feedstock, conversion technologies, and durability to spread biochar

Biochar is a carbon-rich porous material created from the thermal decomposition of organic material in a low-oxygen environment. Traditionally, it has been highly valued for the enhancement of soil fertility, moisture retention, and crop yields. It is also recognized as a promising carbon dioxide removal strategy, with the potential to scale to gigaton levels of carbon dioxide removal in the next few decades. However, widespread adoption faces several barriers. Uncertainty in durability, or the fraction of biochar that remains in the soil over hundreds of years, and a fragmented market for sustainable waste biomass—two key ingredients for biochar expansion—limit its implementation as a carbon dioxide removal strategy. 

Our project addresses this challenge through “trait mapping,” or the development of a predictive model that links the original biomass and conversion processes to the resulting environmental benefits, such as biochar durability, soil health, and crop benefits. To address the limitations of current biochar durability models used to quantify carbon removal, the first phase of the project will develop a robust set of metrics to assess the long-term durability and carbon dioxide removal value of various biochars. 

These results will inform the design of a standard challenge test to predict durability during the course of deployment. Through the synthesis of existing data and collaborative efforts with project partners in biochar production, market development, and community standard setting, the project seeks to firmly establish biochar’s place as a cornerstone carbon removal strategy by providing scientifically grounded standards and predictive models.